Interactive Block Diagrams

Solar Inverter - Block Diagram

A solar inverter converts DC power from solar panels into AC power. It ensures optimal energy conversion and integration with the electrical grid.

"longDescription": "Detailed Description of Each Block", "blocks": [ { "name": "Solar Panel Strings", "function": "Primary energy source converting sunlight into DC electricity.", "theory_of_operation": "Photovoltaic cells generate DC voltage proportional to solar irradiance.", "interaction": "Feeds MPPT converters for optimized power extraction.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["MPPT Converter"] }, { "name": "MPPT Converter", "function": "Tracks maximum power point for Solar Panel String 1.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses perturb-and-observe or incremental conductance algorithm.", "interaction": "Connects Solar Panel String 1 to DC/DC HV Converter.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["DC Link", "Sensing & Isolation"] }, { "name": "DC/DC HV", "function": "Steps up or down DC voltage for DC link stabilization.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses high-frequency switching and inductive energy transfer.", "interaction": "Connects MPPT outputs to DC Link capacitor.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["LV Power Supply"] }, { "name": "DC Link", "function": "Stabilizes DC voltage between conversion stages.", "theory_of_operation": "Large capacitor bank smooths voltage ripple.", "interaction": "Feeds DC/AC inverter and ESS battery pack.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["DC/AC Inverter", "ESS DC Coupled", "DC/DC HV", "Sensing & Isolation"] }, { "name": "DC/AC Inverter", "function": "Converts DC power to AC for grid or load connection.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses PWM-controlled switches and isolation for AC waveform generation.", "interaction": "Outputs AC to ESS AC Coupled and 3-Phase Output.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["3-Phase Output", "Sensing & Isolation"] { "name": "Gate Driver", "function": "Drive inverter switches for AC waveform generation.", "theory_of_operation": "Provide high-current gate signals to MOSFETs or IGBTs.", "interaction": "Interfaces with inverter and other power stage.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["DC/AC Inverter", "MPPT Converter", "MCU"] }, { "name": "Sensing & Isolation", "function": "Provide galvanic isolation between control and power stages.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses transformers or optocouplers for signal isolation.", "interaction": "Connects gate drivers to MCU safely.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["MCU"] }, { "name": "ESS DC Coupled", "function": "Connects battery pack directly to DC link for charging/discharging.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses bidirectional DC/DC converter for energy flow control.", "interaction": "Links battery to DC link capacitor.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["Battery Pack"] }, { "name": "ESS AC Coupled", "function": "Connects battery pack to AC output through inverter.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses AC interface for grid-tied energy storage.", "interaction": "Links battery to inverter AC output.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["Battery Pack", "3-Phase Output"] }, { "name": "LV Power Supply", "function": "Provides regulated low-voltage rails for control electronics.", "theory_of_operation": "Includes buck converters, LDOs, PMIC, and load switches.", "interaction": "Feeds MCU and support circuits.", "connection": ["Sensing & Isolation", "Gate Driver", "MCU Interface", "MCU"], "sub_blocks": [ { "name": "Controllers", "function": "Manage power sequencing and regulation.", "theory_of_operation": "Implements control logic for converters and switches.", "interaction": "Interfaces with PMIC and MCU.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Converters", "function": "Convert input voltage to required levels.", "theory_of_operation": "Switching regulators for high efficiency.", "interaction": "Provide intermediate rails to LDOs.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "MOSFETs", "function": "Act as switching elements in converters and load switches.", "theory_of_operation": "Controlled by gate drivers for efficient switching.", "interaction": "Connects converters to loads.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Diode", "function": "Provides reverse polarity protection and rectification.", "theory_of_operation": "Allows current flow in one direction only.", "interaction": "Placed in converter circuits for protection.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "LDO", "function": "Provides clean low-noise voltage for sensitive circuits.", "theory_of_operation": "Linear regulation for minimal ripple.", "interaction": "Feeds MCU and analog blocks.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "PMIC", "function": "Manages multiple voltage rails for system power.", "theory_of_operation": "Integrates converters and regulators in one IC.", "interaction": "Distributes power to LV circuits.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Load Switch", "function": "Controls power delivery to subsystems.", "theory_of_operation": "MOSFET-based switch with enable control.", "interaction": "Connects LV rails to loads.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Circuit Protection", "function": "Protects LV circuits from overcurrent and short circuits.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses fuses or electronic protection ICs.", "interaction": "Placed on LV rails before loads.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] } ] }, { "name": "Support Circuitry", "function": "Ensures signal integrity and protection.", "theory_of_operation": "Includes ESD protection, level translators, voltage references, and supervisors.", "interaction": "Interfaces between MCU and peripheral circuits.", "connection": [], "sub_blocks": [ { "name": "Zener Diode", "function": "Provides voltage clamping for protection.", "theory_of_operation": "Breakdown at specific voltage to absorb surges.", "interaction": "Placed across sensitive signal lines.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Level Translator", "function": "Converts logic levels between different voltage domains.", "theory_of_operation": "Bidirectional or unidirectional translation using MOSFET-based circuits.", "interaction": "Connects MCU to peripheral ICs.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Small Signal", "function": "Amplifies or conditions low-level signals.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses op-amps or transistor stages for signal integrity.", "interaction": "Interfaces sensors to MCU ADC.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Logic", "function": "Implements basic digital functions for control.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses CMOS gates for signal processing.", "interaction": "Connects to MCU and I/O expanders.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "GPIO Expander", "function": "Provides additional I/O pins for MCU.", "theory_of_operation": "Serial interface to MCU for extra GPIO.", "interaction": "Connects sensors and actuators.", "category": "Third party", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Voltage Reference", "function": "Provides stable reference voltage for ADC and comparators.", "theory_of_operation": "Precision bandgap reference circuit.", "interaction": "Feeds MCU and analog blocks.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Voltage Supervisor", "function": "Monitors supply voltage and resets MCU on fault.", "theory_of_operation": "Compares supply voltage to threshold and asserts reset.", "interaction": "Connects to MCU reset pin.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "ESD Protection", "function": "Protects signal lines from electrostatic discharge.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses TVS diodes to clamp voltage spikes.", "interaction": "Placed on communication and control lines.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] } ] }, { "name": "MCU Interface", "function": "Central control and communication hub.", "theory_of_operation": "Microcontroller executes inverter control algorithms and manages communication.", "interaction": "Connects to LV power, support circuits, memory, and networking.", "connection": ["MCU"], "sub_blocks": [ { "name": "Memory", "function": "Stores firmware and operational data.", "theory_of_operation": "Non-volatile storage for system code and logs.", "interaction": "Interfaces with MCU via SPI or parallel bus.", "category": "Third party", "connection": [] }, { "name": "FlexRay", "function": "Provides deterministic high-speed communication.", "theory_of_operation": "Time-triggered protocol for automotive networks.", "interaction": "Connects MCU to vehicle backbone.", "category": "Third party", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Ethernet Controllers", "function": "Enable high-speed networking.", "theory_of_operation": "Implements automotive Ethernet standards.", "interaction": "Connects MCU to external network.", "category": "Third party", "connection": [] }, { "name": "CAN", "function": "Provides robust in-vehicle communication.", "theory_of_operation": "Differential signaling for fault-tolerant data exchange.", "interaction": "Connects MCU to CAN bus.", "category": "Third party", "connection": [] }, { "name": "LIN", "function": "Low-speed communication for simple devices.", "theory_of_operation": "Single-wire protocol for cost-effective networking.", "interaction": "Connects MCU to LIN nodes.", "category": "Third party", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Amplifier & Comparator", "function": "Signal conditioning and threshold detection.", "theory_of_operation": "Amplifies analog signals and compares voltage levels.", "interaction": "Interfaces with sensors and MCU ADC.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] } ] } ], "interconnections": [ {"source": "Solar Panel Strings", "target": "MPPT Converter"}, {"source": "MPPT Converter", "target": "DC Link"}, {"source": "MPPT Converter", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "DC Link", "target": "DC/AC Inverter"}, {"source": "DC Link", "target": "ESS DC Coupled"}, {"source": "DC Link", "target": "DC/DC HV"}, {"source": "DC/DC HV", "target": "LV Power Supply"}, {"source": "LV Power Supply", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "LV Power Supply", "target": "Gate Driver"}, {"source": "LV Power Supply", "target": "MCU"}, {"source": "LV Power Supply", "target": "MCU Interface"}, {"source": "DC/AC Inverter", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "DC/AC Inverter", "target": "3-Phase Output"}, {"source": "ESS DC Coupled", "target": "Battery Pack"}, {"source": "Battery Pack", "target": "ESS DC Coupled"}, {"source": "Battery Pack", "target": "ESS AC Coupled"}, {"source": "ESS AC Coupled", "target": "Battery Pack"}, {"source": "ESS AC Coupled", "target": "3-Phase Output"}, {"source": "MCU", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "MCU", "target": "Gate Driver"}, {"source": "MCU", "target": "MCU Interface"}, {"source": "MCU Interface", "target": "MCU"} ], "Last_update": "2025-12-19"

Circuit Protection - Block

Products

• Current Protection
  • NIS3071

    Electronic fuse (eFuse) 4-channel, 8V to 60V, 10A in 5x6mm package 

  • NIS6452

    Electronic Fuse, +3.3 V, +5 V

  • NIS6420

    Electronic Fuse, 12V

  • NIS6150

    +5 Volt Electronic eFuse

  • NIS5420

    Electronic fuse (eFuse), 12V, 44 mΩ, 4A, ISENSE

  • NIS4461

    Electronic fuse (eFuse), 24V, 44mΩ, 4.2A

  • NCP380

    Power Distribution Switch, Current-Limiting (Fixed and Adjustable)

Technical Documentation

• Application Notes
  • AND90246/D - NIS(V)3071 PCB Design on Thermal Performance Considerations
  • AND90248/D - NIS(V)3071 eFuse Schematic Guide
  • AND90247/D - The NIV3071 eFuse Advantages in Automotive Applications
  • AND9672/D - Hot-Plug Insertion Startup Time Delay for eFuse
  • AND90059/D - Understanding eFuse Input Voltage Transients from Hot Plug Events
  • AND9623/D - Paralleling eFuses
  • AND9685/D - eFuse Load Current Management
• Data Sheet
  • NIS3071/D - eFuse, 4 Channel, 60 V, 2.5 A
  • NIS6432/D - Electronic Fuse, +3.3 V/+5 V
  • NIS6420/D - Electronic Fuse, 3 to 12 Volt
  • NIS6150/D - +5 Volt Electronic eFuse
  • NIS5420/D - +12 Volt Electronic Fuse
  • NIS4461/D - 9 to 24 Volt Electronic Fuse
  • NCP380/D - Fixed/Adjustable Current-Limiting Power-Distribution Switches
• Design & Development Tools
  • Cdv/dt Rlim Calculator - NIS(V)3071 Cdv/dt and Rlim Calculator
  • NIS6452 DESIGN WORKSHEET - NIS6452 DESIGN WORKSHEET
  • NIS6432 DESIGN WORKSHEET - NIS6432 DESIGN WORKSHEET
  • NIS6420 DESIGN WORKSHEET - NIS6420 DESIGN WORKSHEET
  • NIS6150/NIV6150 DESIGN WORKSHEET - NIS6150/NIV6150 DESIGN WORKSHEET
  • NIS5420 DESIGN WORKSHEET - NIS5420 Design Worksheet
  • NIS4461 DESIGN WORKSHEET - NIS4461 DESIGN WORKSHEET
• Eval Board
  • NIV3071 EVB_USER_MANUAL - NIV3071 EVB User Manual | Manual
  • NIV3071_SCHEMATIC - NIV3071 Schematic | Schematic
  • NIV3071 EVB_GERBER - NIV3071 EVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIV3071 EVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIV3071 EVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIV3071_BOM_ROHS - NIV3071 Bill of Materials (ROHS Compliant) | BOM
  • EVBUM2768/D - NIS6432/52 Evaluation Board User's Manual | Manual
  • NIS6432MT2GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS6432MT2GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS6452MT1GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS6452MT1GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS6432MT1GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS6432MT1GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS6452MT2GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS6452MT2GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS6432MT1GEVB_GERBER - NIS6432MT1GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIS6432MT2GEVB_GERBER - NIS6432MT2GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIS6452MT1GEVB_GERBER - NIS6452MT1GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIS6452MT2GEVB_GERBER - NIS6452MT2GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIS6452MT1GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS6452MT1GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS6452MT2GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS6452MT2GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS6432MT2GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS6432MT2GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS6432MT1GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS6432MT1GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS6432MT1GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS6432MT1GEVB Bill of Materials (ROHS Compliant) | BOM
  • NIS6432MT2GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS6432MT2GEVB Bill of Materials (ROHS Compliant) | BOM
  • NIS6452MT1GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS6452MT1GEVB Bill of Materials (ROHS Compliant) | BOM
  • NIS6452MT2GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS6452MT2GEVB Bill of Materials (ROHS Compliant) | BOM
  • EVBUM2796/D - NIS6420 Evaluation Board User's Manual | Manual
  • NIS6420MT1GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS6420MT1GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS6420MT2GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS6420MT2GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS6420MT1GEVB_GERBER_ROHS - NIS6420MT1GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIS6420MT2GEVB_GERBER - NIS6420MT2GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIS6420MT1GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS6420MT1GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS6420MT2GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS6420MT2GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS6420MT1GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS6420MT1GEVB Bill of Materials (RoHS Compliant) | BOM
  • NIS6420MT2GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS6420MT2GEVB Bill of Materials (RoHS Compliant) | BOM
  • NIV6150MT1GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIV6150MT1GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIV6150MT1GEVB_GERBER - NIV6150MT1GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIV6150MT1GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE.rev0 - NIV6150MT1GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIV6150MT1GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIV6150MT1GEVB Bill of Materials (ROHS Compliant) | BOM
  • EVBUM2760/D - NIS5420 Evaluation Board User's Manual | Manual
  • NIS5420MT6GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS5420MT6GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS5420MT1GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS5420MT1GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS5420MT6GEVB_GERBER - NIS5420MT6GEVB Gerber Layout Files | Gerber
  • NIS5420MT1GEVB_GERBER - NIS5420MT1GEVB Gerber Layout Files | Gerber
  • NIS5420MT1GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS5420MT1GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS5420MT6GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS5420MT6GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS5420MT1GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS5420MT1GEVB Bill of Materials (ROHS Compliant) | BOM
  • NIS5420MT6GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS5420MT6GEVB Bill of Materials (ROHS Compliant) | BOM
  • EVBUM2799/D - NIS4461 Evaluation Board User's Manual | Manual
  • NIS4461MT3GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS4461MT3GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS4461MT1GEVB_SCHEMATIC - NIS4461MT1GEVB Schematic | Schematic
  • NIS4461MT1GEVB_GERBER - NIS4461MT1GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIS4461MT3GEVB_GERBER - NIS4461MT3GEVB Gerber Layout Files (Zip Format) | Gerber
  • NIS4461MT3GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS4461MT3GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS4461MT1GEVB_TEST_PROCEDURE - NIS4461MT1GEVB Test Procedure | Test Procedure
  • NIS4461MT3GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS4461MT3GEVB Bill of Materials (RoHS Compliant) | BOM
  • NIS4461MT1GEVB_BOM_ROHS - NIS4461MT1GEVB Bill of Materials (RoHS Compliant) | BOM
• Models
  • NIS3071 Spice Model - NIS3071 Spice Model
  • NIS6x50 SPICE Model - NIS6x50 SPICE Model
• Package Drawing
  • 512AN - WQFNW16 5x6, 1.05P
  • 510CM - WQFN16 5x6, 1.05P
  • 510BM - WQFN12 3.0x2.0, 0.5P
  • 515AB - WDFNW10, 3x3, 0.5P
  • 522AA - WDFN10, 3x3x0.5P
  • 318G-02 - TSOP-6 3.00x1.50x0.90, 0.95P
  • 483 - TSOP-5
  • 517AB - UDFN6, 2x2, 0.65P
• System Solution Guide
  • SSG8202/D - Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
  • SSG8213/D - Small Electric Vehicles
  • SSG8209/D - Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
  • SSG8215/D - Battery-powered Tools
  • SSG8204/D - Solar Inverter
  • SSG8207/D - Ultra Fast EV Charger
  • SSG8208/D - Battery Energy Storage System
  • SSG8227/D - Green Hydrogen Electrolyzer
  • SSG8205/D - 48V-12V DC-DC Converter
  • SSG8217/D - 48V Powernet Trends
  • SSG8223/D - Zonal Architecture
  • SSG8201/D - On Board Charger (OBC)
• User's Manual
  • UM70107/D - NIS(V)3071 PSpice User's Manual
  • NCP380 UL Report 1 - NCP380 UL Report IEC62368-1-2018
  • NCP380 UL Report 2 - NCP380 UL Report IEC62368-1-2014
  • NCP380 UL Test Report - NCP380 UL Test Report
  • NCP380 UL Certificate 2 - NCP380 UL Certificate IEC62368-1-2014
• Video
  • WVD17976/D - Autonomous Mobile Robot and Cobot Arm Demonstration
  • WVD17971/D - Adopting eFuse for Faster and More Protected Automotive Zonal Control Units
  • WVD18081 - Intelligent Sensing and Power Solutions for Drones
  • WVD17391/D - Protection Solution for Relay Replacement, Motor Protection, and Power Supply Protection

Evaluation Boards/Kits

• NIS4461MT1GEVB

  NIS4461MT1GEVB: 24 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Thermal Latching

• NIS4461MT3GEVB

  NIS4461MT3GEVB: 24 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Auto-Retry

• NIS5420MT1GEVB

  12 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Thermal Latching

• NIS5420MT6GEVB

  NIS5420MT6GEVB: 12 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Auto-Retry

• NIS6420MT1GEVB

  NIS6420MT1GEVB: 12 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Thermal Latching

• NIS6420MT2GEVB

  NIS6420MT2GEVB: 12 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Auto-Retry

• NIS6432MT1GEVB

  NIS6432MT1GEVB: 3.3 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Thermal Latching, Output Voltage Clamp of 3.9 V

• NIS6432MT2GEVB

  NIS6432MT2GEVB: 3.3 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Auto-Retry, Output Voltage Clamp of 3.9 V

• NIS6452MT1GEVB

  NIS6452MT1GEVB: 3.3 to 5.0 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Thermal Latching, Output Voltage Clamp of 6.5 V

• NIS6452MT2GEVB

  NIS6452MT2GEVB: 3.3 to 5.0 V eFuse Evaluation Board, Auto-Retry, Output Voltage Clamp of 6.5 V

• NIV3071MTW3GEVB

  NIV3071MTW3TWG WQFNW-16 EVAL BOARD

• NIV3071MTW4GEVB

  NIV3071MTW4GEVB WQFNW-16 EVAL BOARD

FAQs