Interactive Block Diagrams

Find the perfect block diagram with our step-by-step guide below. Start by choosing a solution,
then refine your selection as the next fields adapt dynamically to lead you to the final diagram.
Expanded View
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Monitor","path":"/design/interactive-block-diagrams/medical/continuous-glucose-monitor","children":[]},{"id":"f6130e35-4fd0-4719-acac-e3da45c1a9a6_IBD_DIAGRAM","parentId":"232a1fe1-c60b-4a4f-853e-7b73a7209c91_IBD_SUBSOLUTION","text":"Hearing Aid","path":"/design/interactive-block-diagrams/medical/hearing-aid","children":[]},{"id":"a3e4f792-c0dc-4153-bb76-59bbe623ed64_IBD_DIAGRAM","parentId":"232a1fe1-c60b-4a4f-853e-7b73a7209c91_IBD_SUBSOLUTION","text":"Patient Monitor","path":"/design/interactive-block-diagrams/medical/patient-monitor","children":[]},{"id":"fa0c8829-c8b8-426a-8624-fb6406550d0b_IBD_DIAGRAM","parentId":"232a1fe1-c60b-4a4f-853e-7b73a7209c91_IBD_SUBSOLUTION","text":"Ultrasound Transducer","path":"/design/interactive-block-diagrams/medical/ultrasound-transducer","children":[]}]},{"id":"d17e7410-a519-48f1-887a-1644e3a10c78_IBD_SUBSOLUTION","parentId":"9d330931-7485-49dd-ae21-990ea4e17af9_IBD_SOLUTION","text":"Medical Imaging","path":null,"children":[{"id":"7780a3f3-3fe2-4f1c-a8f4-f873ed853c45_IBD_DIAGRAM","parentId":"d17e7410-a519-48f1-887a-1644e3a10c78_IBD_SUBSOLUTION","text":"Digital Radiography","path":"/design/interactive-block-diagrams/medical/digital-radiography","children":[]}]}]}]

OBC with DC/DC Converter - Block Diagram

On board charger converts AC power from the grid to DC power to charge the EV battery. DC/DC Converter steps down battery voltage to a lower voltage.

"blocks": [ { "name": "AC IN", "function": "Provides the main AC power input to the system.", "theory_of_operation": "Receives alternating current from the grid.", "interaction": "Feeds AC power to the EMC Filter.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["EMC Filter"] }, { "name": "EMC Filter", "function": "Suppresses electromagnetic interference from the AC input.", "theory_of_operation": "Uses passive components to filter out conducted and radiated EMI.", "interaction": "Delivers filtered AC to OBC - PFC Stage.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["OBC - PFC Stage", "Sensing & Isolation"] }, { "name": "OBC - PFC Stage", "function": "Performs power factor correction for the onboard charger.", "theory_of_operation": "Active circuitry shapes input current to improve power factor and reduce harmonics.", "interaction": "Receives filtered AC, outputs to OBC - DC/DC Stage.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["Sensing & Isolation", "OBC - DC/DC Stage"] }, { "name": "OBC - DC/DC Stage", "function": "Converts rectified AC to regulated high-voltage DC for battery charging.", "theory_of_operation": "Switching converter topology (e.g., LLC, phase-shifted full bridge) for efficient DC conversion.", "interaction": "Receives DC from PFC, outputs to HV Battery.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["Sensing & Isolation", "HV Battery"] }, { "name": "HV Battery", "function": "Stores high-voltage energy for the vehicle (400V/800V).", "theory_of_operation": "Electrochemical storage (Li-ion or similar).", "interaction": "Receives charge from OBC - DC/DC Stage, supplies power to HV-LV DC/DC Stage.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["HV-LV DC/DC Stage"] }, { "name": "HV-LV DC/DC Stage", "function": "Converts high-voltage DC to low-voltage DC for auxiliary systems.", "theory_of_operation": "Switching converter topology (e.g., buck, CLLC) for efficient voltage step-down.", "interaction": "Receives HV DC from HV Battery, outputs LV DC to LV Battery.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["Sensing & Isolation", "Op Amp", "LV Battery", "Auxiliary Power Supply"] }, { "name": "LV Battery", "function": "Stores low-voltage energy for auxiliary systems (48V/12V).", "theory_of_operation": "Electrochemical storage (Li-ion, lead-acid, or similar).", "interaction": "Receives charge from HV-LV DC/DC Stage, supplies power to auxiliary systems.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["Auxiliary Power Supply"] }, { "name": "Sensing & Isolation", "function": "Measures electrical parameters and provides galvanic isolation throughout the power conversion chain.", "theory_of_operation": "Sensors and isolation amplifiers monitor voltage/current and isolate control signals.", "interaction": "Feeds measurement data to the central controller from all power stages.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["Central Controller"] }, { "name": "Isolated Gate Driver", "function": "Drives power switches in all isolated power stages with galvanic isolation.", "theory_of_operation": "Opto-couplers or transformer-based drivers provide gate signals while maintaining isolation.", "interaction": "Receives control signals from the controller, drives power switches in PFC, DC/DC, and HV-LV DC/DC stages.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [ "OBC - PFC Stage", "OBC - DC/DC Stage", "HV-LV DC/DC Stage"] }, { "name": "Central Controller", "function": "Main control and processing unit for the power conversion system.", "theory_of_operation": "Microcontroller or DSP executes control algorithms, manages communication and safety.", "interaction": "Receives sensor data, sends control signals to gate drivers, interfaces with networking and support circuitry.", "category": "Third party", "connection": ["Isolated Gate Driver","Gate Driver", "In-Vehicle Networking", "Support Circuitry"] }, { "name": "Gate Driver", "function": "Drives power transistors in non-isolated applications.", "theory_of_operation": "Amplifies control signals to appropriate voltage/current for switching MOSFETs/IGBTs.", "interaction": "Receives control signals from the controller, drives power switches.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["HV-LV DC/DC Stage"] }, { "name": "Op Amp", "function": "Amplifies analog signals for measurement or control.", "theory_of_operation": "Operational amplifier circuits for signal conditioning.", "interaction": "Interfaces with sensors and controller for analog signal processing.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": ["Central Controller"] }, { "name": "In-Vehicle Networking", "connection": ["Central Controller"], "sub_blocks": [ { "name": "LDO", "function": "Low Dropout Regulator for stable voltage supply.", "theory_of_operation": "Linear regulation for low-noise power.", "interaction": "Supplies regulated voltage to networking ICs.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "ESD Protection", "function": "Protects networking interfaces from electrostatic discharge.", "theory_of_operation": "Clamps voltage spikes to safe levels.", "interaction": "Protects CAN/Ethernet transceivers.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Ethernet", "function": "Provides high-speed data communication.", "theory_of_operation": "Implements Ethernet protocol for in-vehicle networking.", "interaction": "Enables data exchange between controller and other ECUs.", "category": "Third party", "connection": [] }, { "name": "CAN", "function": "Controller Area Network for robust vehicle communication.", "theory_of_operation": "Implements CAN protocol for real-time data exchange.", "interaction": "Enables communication between controller and other ECUs.", "category": "Third party", "connection": [] } ] }, { "name": "Support Circuitry", "connection": ["Central Controller"], "sub_blocks": [ { "name": "Memory", "function": "Stores data and program code.", "theory_of_operation": "Non-volatile and volatile memory for controller operation.", "interaction": "Provides storage for controller.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Standard Logic", "function": "Implements basic logic functions.", "theory_of_operation": "Logic gates for signal processing.", "interaction": "Supports controller logic operations.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Voltage Reference", "function": "Provides precise reference voltage.", "theory_of_operation": "Precision voltage source for ADCs and comparators.", "interaction": "Ensures accurate measurements.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Voltage Supervisor", "function": "Monitors supply voltages for faults.", "theory_of_operation": "Detects undervoltage/overvoltage conditions.", "interaction": "Alerts controller to voltage anomalies.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Small Signal", "function": "Handles analog signal processing.", "theory_of_operation": "Includes comparators, amplifiers, etc.", "interaction": "Supports measurement and control.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "BJTs & BRTs", "function": "Bipolar Junction Transistors and Resistor-Transistor Logic.", "theory_of_operation": "Switching and amplification.", "interaction": "Used in support and interface circuits.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] } ] }, { "name": "Auxiliary Power Supply", "connection": ["Central Controller", "Sensing & Isolation","Isolated Gate Driver", "Gate Driver", "Op Amp", "Support Circuitry", "In-Vehicle Networking"], "sub_blocks": [ { "name": "Diode", "function": "Provides rectification and protection.", "theory_of_operation": "Allows current flow in one direction.", "interaction": "Used in power and protection circuits.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "MOSFET", "function": "Switching and amplification in power circuits.", "theory_of_operation": "Voltage-controlled field-effect transistor.", "interaction": "Used in DC/DC and protection circuits.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "PWM Controller", "function": "Controls pulse-width modulation for switching converters.", "theory_of_operation": "Generates PWM signals for power stage control.", "interaction": "Drives MOSFETs in DC/DC converters.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "Circuit Protection", "function": "Protects circuits from overcurrent, overvoltage, and faults.", "theory_of_operation": "Includes fuses, TVS diodes, etc.", "interaction": "Prevents damage to sensitive components.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "DC/DC Converter", "function": "Converts DC voltage levels for auxiliary circuits.", "theory_of_operation": "Switching or linear conversion.", "interaction": "Supplies regulated voltage to auxiliary loads.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] }, { "name": "LDO Regulator", "function": "Provides low-noise, regulated DC output.", "theory_of_operation": "Linear voltage regulation.", "interaction": "Supplies clean power to sensitive circuits.", "category": "onsemi", "connection": [] } ] } ], "interconnections": [ {"source": "AC IN", "target": "EMC Filter"}, {"source": "EMC Filter", "target": "OBC - PFC Stage"}, {"source": "EMC Filter", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "OBC - PFC Stage", "target": "OBC - DC/DC Stage"}, {"source": "OBC - PFC Stage", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "Isolated Gate Driver", "target": "OBC - PFC Stage"}, {"source": "OBC - DC/DC Stage", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "Isolated Gate Driver", "target": "OBC - DC/DC Stage"}, {"source": "OBC - DC/DC Stage", "target": "HV Battery"}, {"source": "HV Battery", "target": "HV-LV DC/DC Stage"}, {"source": "HV Battery", "target": "Auxiliary Power Supply"}, {"source": "HV-LV DC/DC Stage", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "HV-LV DC/DC Stage", "target": "Op Amp"}, {"source": "Isolated Gate Driver", "target": "HV-LV DC/DC Stage"}, {"source": "Gate Driver", "target": "HV-LV DC/DC Stage"}, {"source": "HV-LV DC/DC Stage", "target": "LV Battery"}, {"source": "LV Battery", "target": "Auxiliary Power Supply"}, {"source": "Sensing & Isolation", "target": "Central Controller"}, {"source": "Central Controller", "target": "Isolated Gate Driver"}, {"source": "Central Controller", "target": "Gate Driver"}, {"source": "Op Amp", "target": "Central Controller"}, {"source": "In-Vehicle Networking", "target": "Central Controller"}, {"source": "Central Controller", "target": "In-Vehicle Networking"}, {"source": "Support Circuitry", "target": "Central Controller"}, {"source": "Central Controller", "target": "Support Circuitry"}, {"source": "Auxiliary Power Supply", "target": "Central Controller"}, {"source": "Auxiliary Power Supply", "target": "Support Circuitry"}, {"source": "Auxiliary Power Supply", "target": "In-Vehicle Networking"}, {"source": "Auxiliary Power Supply", "target": "Isolated Gate Driver"}, {"source": "Auxiliary Power Supply", "target": "Gate Driver"}, {"source": "Auxiliary Power Supply", "target": "Sensing & Isolation"}, {"source": "Auxiliary Power Supply", "target": "Op Amp"} ], "Last_update": "2026-03-18",

OBC with DC/DC Converter

Standard Logic - Block

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Technical Documentation

Evaluation Boards/Kits

FAQs

1. What is the PFC stage in an OBC, and why is it important?

The PFC stage converts AC grid power into a regulated DC link for battery charging while maintaining high power factor and low harmonic distortion. It improves charging efficiency, ensures compliance with grid standards, and stabilizes input current across different power levels and grid conditions.

2. What role does the isolated DC/DC stage play in the OBC system?

The isolated DC/DC stage converts the regulated DC link voltage to the battery voltage while providing galvanic isolation. This stage enables safe charging of 400 V or 800 V battery packs, supports bidirectional power flow when required, and allows flexible voltage adaptation across different vehicle platforms.

3. Can an OBC with DC/DC converter support bidirectional operation (V2G/V2L)?

Yes, an OBC with a DC/DC converter can support bidirectional operation where applicable. Bidirectional capability allows energy to flow from the vehicle battery back to the grid or external loads, enabling vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-load use cases using compatible PFC and DC/DC topologies.

4. What challenges do designers face when integrating OBC and DC/DC functions?

Designers must manage efficiency, thermal performance, isolation, EMI, and safe operation across wide voltage and power ranges. Integrating multiple power stages increases system interaction, making careful topology selection, sensing, protection, and layout essential for reliable and compliant operation.

5. How does the onsemi Interactive Block Diagram help me select parts and build a worksheet/BOM?

The onsemi interactive block diagram lets you select a taxonomy, choose devices per block, and download a worksheet. If you need a deeper dive into the tool, watch our tutorial video.

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